French Words Nouveau vs. Neuf

English speakers sometimes find it difficult to translate new into French, due to confusion over the French words nouveau and neuf. In fact, the French adjectives have distinctly different meanings; the problem is actually caused by the fact that the English new has more than one meaning. Fortunately, this is an easy problem to remedy. Read over this lesson, learn the difference between nouveau and neuf, and you wont have any more trouble saying new in French. Nouveau Nouveau means new in the sense of new to the owner - a change or improvement; that is, something that is new because its different than what came before, regardless of whether it is brand new from the store. The opposite of nouveau is ancien (former).As-tu vu ma nouvelle voiture ?Have you seen my new car?(The car is not necessarily new out of the factory; new here means new to the speaker.)Il a mis une nouvelle chemise.He put a new shirt on.(He took off the shirt he was wearing and put a different one on in its place. The new shirt may or may not be new from the store; the important thing here is that it is different.)Cest nouveau.Its new.(I just bought/found/made it.)Nous avons un nouvel appartement.We have a new apartment.(We just moved.)Jai vu le nouveau pont.I saw the new bridge.(The replacement for the one that got washed out.) Nouveau precedes the noun it modifies and changes to agree in gender and number with it.nouveau - nouvelle - nouveaux - nouvellesNouveau has a special form for masculine nouns that begin with a vowel: nouvel. Note that une nouvelle is a piece of news and les nouvelles refer to the news in general. Neuf Neuf means new in the sense of brand new, fresh out of the factory, first of its kind. The opposite of neuf is vieux (old).Je nai jamais achetà © une voiture neuve.Ive never bought a new car.(I always buy used cars.)Il a achetà © une chemise neuve.He bought a new shirt.(He went to the store and bought a brand-new shirt.)Comme neuf.As good as new.(Its fixed, so now its just like new.)Nous avons un appartement neuf.We have a new apartment.(We live in a brand-new building.)Jai vu le Pont neuf.I saw the Pont neuf (in Paris).(Although this is the oldest bridge in Paris, at the time it was built and named, it was a brand-new bridge in a brand-new spot.) Neuf follows the noun it modifies and changes to agree in gender and number with it:neuf - neuve - neufs - neuves Remember that neuf is also the number nine:Jai neuf cousins - I have nine cousins. Nouveau vs Neuf In summary, nouveau means something has changed, while neuf indicates that something is newly-made. With this new knowledge, you shouldnt have any more trouble deciding whether to use neuf or nouveau.

Stem Cell Aging - 1894 Words

Stem cell aging is still a controversial topic among scientists. One of the most popular explanations of stem cell aging is defined by the decrease in ability to proliferate or self-renew. Cell regulation mechanisms that have been related to aging are senescence and apoptosis. Leading evidence has identified the relationship between p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor protein, and aging in neural stem cells. Neural stem cells regenerate neurons and glial cells as required by the organisms, but an increase in p16INK4a declines the ability of the stem cells to function as they were able to do initially. Such relationship has been established, however, the mechanism for how this occurs is currently unknown. In an attempt to address this unidentified†¦show more content†¦These anti cancer mechanisms depend on p53 and p16ink4 activation, which appear to be responsible for aging similarly to how their failure is associated with cancer. Some other possible mechanisms include heritable mut ations and environmental changes in stem cell surroundings. These assumptions are so controversial because adequate models to test the function of these cells have yet to be constructed. Therefore, there I no direct way of determining that stem cell aging is the decrease in stem cell function through regeneration degradation. However, it is an idealistic assumption due to the resulting data of stem cells from other tissues that identify the association between proliferating decline in tissue and aging. A study involving rodents identified that a decline in the quantity of neurons being produced by neural stem cells would decrease with telomere dysfunction. Senescence is a form of growth arrest that is induced by stimuli like loss of telomere function, reactive oxygen species, some DNA damage, and tumor suppressor activation. As shown by the study when telomere function is not regulated they lose normal ability to regenerate which, thus far has been presumed as aging. Recent studies on neural stem cells have leading information on the mechanism of aging using p16INK4a overexpression and oppression in mice. The results indicated that an increase in p16INK4a contributes to a decrease in proliferation and functionShow MoreRelatedStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreResearchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute have recently shown that a protein called GDF11 has600 Words   |  3 PagesResearchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute have recently shown that a protein called GDF11 has the power to rejuvenate not only the muscles, but also skeletal and brain activity of mice. The researchers in question, Amy Wagers and Lee Rubin, are both heavily involved in the investigation of stem cells, and have been established among such standards for good reason. About 15 years ago, Wager conducted an experiment observing the circulation of blood from a young mouse through an older mouse, withRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning1098 Words   |  5 Pageshuman cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stem cell induction. In reproductive cloning the entire genetic code is reproduced from a single body cell of an adult individual.  The most common cloning technique is somatic cell nuclearRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesSTEM CELLS In this report, I mainly focused on Stem-Cells. You will read about Stem-Cells and its history from the moment this term was known. Also, you will know the Sources, properties, and the types of Stem-Cells. In addition, you will know some of the pros and cons researches about Stem-Cells. Stem-Cells are cells that have the ability to divide and multiply and renew itself. †¢ Sources of Stem-Cells: 1- The first source is Bone Marrow. 2- The second source isRead MoreStem Cell Research: The Debate Over Federal Funding Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research: Pro-Federal Funding The Alliance for Aging Research is a non-profit organization that promotes the use of federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. As an agency geared toward improving the health of human beings as they age, some of their responsibilities include lobbying for federal legislation, conducting studies and surveys, and creating and distributing educational materials to health care professionals and the public. With Baby Boomers closely reachingRead MoreTreatment For Age Related Diseases1496 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, identifying the elements and processes involved in muscle stem cell function is necessary in order to improve our methods of treatment for age-related diseases. The biological processes that are involved in the development of sarcopenia are identified as multifactorial (Egerman et al., 2015). The major elements that play a role in the progression of aging is the decline in satellite cell number, weakened satellite cell function, and the decrease in regenerative potential (Sinha et alRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning1100 Words   |  5 Pageshuman cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stem cell induction. In reproductive cloning, the entire genetic code is reproduced from a single body cell of an adult individual.  The most common cloning technique is somatic cell nuclearRead MoreThe Cell Theory Of Aging1813 Words   |  8 PagesEvery day we naturally lose skin and blood cells throughout our body; however, these cells are replaced through the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells found in pools throughout our bodies. Stem cells are found in most adult mammalian tissues, where they maintain normal tissue homeostasis and participate in tissue repair and regeneration in response to damage (Lui Rando 2011). The physiological process of aging may be the result of stem cell loss and a decline in the homeostatic andRead MoreA Research Study On Regenerative Medicine1220 Words   |  5 PagesAging, injuries and diseases like dystrophies are all ensue respectively from dying, damaged or malfunctioning specialised cells. Nowadays, researchers aim at finding possible methods to treat patients by understanding better how diseases develop. Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that had known incredible advances over the last 20 years. It’s a broad interdisciplinary field aiming at repairing, regenerating or replacing damaged, malfunctioning or missing cells and tissues leading to restoreRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe disease stem cells could fix is called Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The reason I chose this topic is because I have seen first hand how badly someone who suffers from Alzheimer’s Disease is affected in their daily lives. This disease completely takes over their lives and they turn into a completely different person who can hardly function. AD is very tough on the loved ones of the person suffering from it because that person, most of the time has no idea what is going on or who their loved ones

Essay About A Short Story - 840 Words

Emitting vines from her arms, Sabra attempted to finish the fight quickly. Vittorio continued to show little concern watching the vines entangled around his arms. Sabra tugged on her vines, pulling Vittorio off the rock as he flew towards them. Gerard’s aura started to glow golden around his body, summoning his guardian angel. The aura gained a physical appearance resembling a monk. It sported gauntlets on both arms and a bead necklace, similar to what Gerard wore. Vittorio’s calm demeanor changed a bit, seeing the faceless monk standing next to Gerard. Vittorio placed his hand on the vines, using his manifestation to make them explode. Overdoing the explosion, everyone including Vittorio flew back a bit. Landing on his feet, not taking†¦show more content†¦Vittorio coughed up spit, being released from the vines, crashing into a tree. He took a few seconds to recover from the hit, looking around at his surroundings. Taking notice to a small rock on the ground, Vittorio picked up the rock, using his aura to create some red markings. â€Å"I won’t lose here.† Vittorio thought. â€Å"Kanohal, I’ll show these people the power you gave me!† Vittorio had confidence he would win here. Being loose from the vines, gave him a chance to strike. Looking in their direction, Vittorio smiled, throwing the rock at Sabra, who kept a bit of distance from Paisley and Gerard. Sabra didn’t hesitate to move to the side, wanting to laugh at Vittorio’s attempt. â€Å"Did you really think that wou-† Before she could finish her sentence,the rock exploded with enough force to send Sabra flying. Gerard and Paisley’s eyes widened at how fast this happened, not seeing the markings on the rock. They watched a fallen Sabra crash down to the ground, not moving a muscle. Seeing blood dripping from her head, she laid there silently. Paying little attention to Sabra now, Vittorio turned his focus to Gerard. Paisley knew they needed to finish this fight without wasting more time. Paisley clenched her fist, knowing she needed to get Sabra out of here. â€Å"Ms. Paisley, help Ms. Sabra. Your Neutralizer is only strong in pulse form, but in pulse form everyone here would be neutralized. We could fight him in close range combat, but I’m sure he’d run without the use ofShow MoreRelatedEssay About A Short Story1507 Words   |  7 Pagesmeaning they probably dont have anything about it. His fingers skirted through each paper, never missing a page, and knowing when they had. His ears remained alert, listening for sounds outside his own breathing and movement. Where his fingers and nose couldnt see, he used the flashlight and his eyes. And his taste? Well, it told him never to try to eat a flashlight in the future. He searched through all the cabinets, taking only the information about Arkady Volkov and making sure he left nothingRead MoreEssay about Short Story681 Words   |  3 Pages Short Story The sudden, severe storm caught me totally unaware. I was walking down Peppers Road when the dark clouds started to build. I looked around as I huddled under a large, dead oak tree which offered me little or no protection from the razor-sharp rain. Almost all of the houses on this abandoned street were too badly damaged for me to take shelter in, except for one. The house loomed impressive and morbid in the greenish-black sky. A flash of lightning brieflyRead MoreEssay About A Short Story855 Words   |  4 Pagessituation while Gladio and Noctis joined in on messing with him. It seems their toxin transformed you into your past self. Ignis murmured thoughtfully. Yeah, I can see that, how do I change back? Prompto asked, standing up and brushing off his shorts. You pinched at his legs, and he swatted your hand away. It wont be permanent, sometime tonight you should return to normal. Tonight?! But its five in the morning. He whined, you nearly fell over and fainted. Come on Prompto, you dontRead MoreEssay About A Short Story1468 Words   |  6 Pagesglanced back over her shoulder and let out a painful whine at the sight behind them. Alayna turned her sister’s head back towards the direction they were headed and saw pools of tears welling up in girl’s eyes, â€Å"Don’t look back again. Don’t think about it.† â€Å"B-but† Janna choked and tried to warn her sister but Alayna silenced her with a firm shake of her head. The pair continued along the brook until they reached their handmaids, who were already waiting for the young ladies to return. Alayna helpedRead MoreEssay About A Short Story1487 Words   |  6 Pages Alan spun around toward the noise. He aimed his gun carefully at the ledge, and calmed himself the best he could. Slow, deep breath after breath he took until he at a normal pace inside. He was now ready for anything. The growl had gone silent, and so had the forest. Whatever was out there was waiting for the right opportunity to come along. Nick and Danny aimed their guns to the South and West. Alan figured he was the closest to the thing with the barrels of his rifle. They all silenced themselvesRead MoreEssay About A Short Story1185 Words   |  5 Pagesdirected his attention towards anyone who would answer. â€Å"I would assume they would have terminated this ID’s access by now.† â€Å"No doubt, they did,† Leland responded. â€Å"But, if Lorenzo Hubbard here was too embarrassed about having his ass kicked by a slug and didn’t want anyone finding out about it†¦ Or, even doesn’t realize yet that Phillip took his ID access card from him†¦ then just maybe, he might have held off on contacting central command.† â€Å"Where we at, Sean?† asked Boyd. â€Å"Working on it.† â€Å"OkayRead MoreEssay About A Short Story1291 Words   |  6 Pagesstood at least 2 meters tall, it had an edge made rend flesh and splinter bone on either side, and upon its hilt was an ouroboros with runes etched upon its scales. No other man would have that blade for it was his, the auctioneer began droning on about the swords alien and seemingly nefarious nature, none of his words being heard by Thomas, none of his wife’s protests got through to him, for he was simply lying in wait for the start of the auction. The auctioneer began, †Wholl give me 500 for theRead MoreEssay About A Short Story873 Words   |  4 Pagesdrenched in red, a purple snake? ... and... Zeke!?!? I was about to call out to him but Alice stopped me and pointed towards the figures and the snake. You will pay!!!!!!!!! The girl screamed as she pulled something from out of nowhere and threw it at Zeke and he fell to the ground with a thud. Zeke!! We all shouted sliding down the hill. The two figures looked at us, then disappeared. The snake slithered over to Zeke and we froze about 14 feet away from them. What do we do? Jennet asked meRead MoreEssay About A Short Story1181 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I think I’m gonna check,† Jacob gently placed his cards back onto the table. Emma lifted the corner of her hand. â€Å"I raise thirteen.† The last card was placed onto the table. Last chance to bet. â€Å"Twenty-six,† Jacob gazed through his eyelashes, raising the bet once again. Groaning, Emma threw her cards onto the pile of chips in the middle of the table. â€Å"Fold!† â€Å"And you would be right to!† Jacob laughed as he slapped a pair of aces down in front of him and collecting his chips. â€Å"Oh my God! You alwaysRead MoreEssay About A Short Story730 Words   |  3 Pagesmoon comes we can recruit him then he will be with us. He is technically still theirs.† Harry sighed. â€Å"Is he feeling better at least?† Liam asked. Harry looked at the boy again and shrugged. He honestly didn’t know. He didn’t bother to tell Liam about the panic attack Louis had had in the bathroom, that would only worry the alpha more. Harry watched as Liam rose from his seat and walked towards the sleepy boy. Liam hovered over the boy looking down at him. He moved the quilt down and lifted the

Autonomy and Responsibility The Decision to Drop the...

Autonomy and Responsibility The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan Along with being a world superpower comes a long list of resposiblilities. One such responsibility is the decision of how to deal with other nations when they get out of line. People will always point fingers at who they think is at fault when a nation has to go to war with another. One such example of this is when the United States was brought into the Second World War because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. By becoming involved in World War Two, the U.S. had to fight Japan, which led to the most important decision of the century. This decision was whether or not to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This decision was mainly placed on the†¦show more content†¦Due to the tremendous projected amount of lives that would be lost in Hiroshima, both enemy soldiers and civilians, Truman wanted to try every other plan for the surrender of Japan before he decided to drop the atomic bomb (3,55). Truman also wanted to give Japan a more than fair chance to surrender befor e the use of the newly discovered atomic weaponry (3,55). Had the U.S. had someone like Hitler as president at the time, we may have dropped the atomic bomb right away. Truman was not a violent person by nature though. He had never fought in any wars, nor did he like to see human suffering or the loss of life (2,43). America was not alone in the development of nuclear weapons. Germany had also been developing nuclear weapons throughout the course of the war (3,58). Germanys plan was to use atomic weaponry in the famous V-1 and V-2 rockets (3,58). With these rockets they thought they could conquer the world, but the plan failed. What Germany did succeed at, though, was the creation of an arms race between themselves and the U.S (3,59). Even though Germany was busy at work with the development of atomic weapons, they could not put all of the time or money into it (3,58). This was because they were busy with their plan to dominate the world. After all of the strategic planning, after all of the other options wereShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesas in his recent research and scholarship as a 6 †¢ INTRODUCTION whole, treats the two wars and their prehistory and aftermaths as genuinely global phenomena, not as conflicts among the great powers of Europe, the United States, and Japan, which has been the obsessive focus of most of the vast literature on this subject that defined much of twentieth-century history. As Carl Guarneri argues cogently in his contribution to the collection, which provides the fullest bibliographic referencesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesMedia a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. RightRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPreface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 ConflictRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesmusician, Hughes could not be satisfied with The Weary Blues, and he continued working on it for two more years before submitting it for publication. Later, it became one of his most admired poems. Jessie Fauset did not approve of Langstons decision to leave Columbia, but she helped him place his writing in magazines and in a college poetry anthology. Countee Cullen introduced him to Alain Locke, a professor at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Locke invited Langston to become his protà ©gà ©Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesInstead, he mandated that all project work come through him. He eventually built up a large brick wall around his employees. He claimed that this would protect them from the continuous conflicts between engineering and marketing. THE EXECUTIVE DECISION The executive council mandated that another attempt to implement good project management practices must occur quickly. Project management would be needed not only for new product development but also for specialty products and enhancements. The

Ethical dilemma Essay Example For Students

Ethical dilemma Essay Ethical dilemma Essay A couple of years ago I was faced with a dilemma about a piece of jewelry. For my High School Graduation I received a Tiffanys bracelet which was originally my grandmothers. My grandmother gave this bracelet to my mother for her High School Graduation as well. This antique piece of jewelry had a very special place in both my mother and mines heart, since my grandmother died about ten years ago. It was a plain silver bracelet with my grandmothers initials engraved on the back band. This bracelet is not that expensive, but at the same time, irreplaceable. One day the summer after receiving this covenant bracelet, I was at the Jersey Shore with friends. Of course I being the irresponsible one lost it in the ocean. I knew I could not tell my mother. I bought another one at the Tiffanys store and had the initials engraved. It looked exactly like the one I first received. My friends thought I was crazy to even try something like this, but in that moment, buying a replacement seemed like the right idea. I did not tell my mother or grandmother. In fact, to this day they still do not know the truth behind the silver bracelet. I know what I did was wrong. It was not a moral action under the principles of Moral Relativism. According to my culture, not telling my relatives and deceiving them was wrong. My culture says that the truth is always the right choice. Also, culturally speaking, that bracelet would be worth more than money, and the thought of fooling my parents would be beyond unacceptable. The right choice in this situation would be to tell my mother and grandmother the truth and face the disappointment in their faces. Telling the truth under Cultural Relativism would have been the correct decision because individuals label what is right and wrong. My parents have brought me up teaching me that lying is wrong. So, for my individual morals, what I did was absolutely wrong. There was not even a gray area. My morals are the way they are. Lying, cheating and deceiving are all wrong and not moral for my immediate society as a family. Telling the truth would be the moral and correct decision for this particular situation under the view of Cultural Relativism. Under the view of Utilitarianism the action that I did was moral. The action of lying to my mother and grandmother was the correct choice. The reason why was it made the most amount of people happy. My mother and grandmother stayed happy knowing that I had this family air loom and would be able to pass it down to another generation. I on the other hand, was miserable at first about what I had done. It was eating at me inside to lie to my family, but I was the minority in this situation. Since the minority does not really have a say, I made the right decision as to lie. Another policy under the Utilitarianism would be view thinking about the future. In the future, I have forgotten about the bracelet and no longer have a guilt feeling in my stomach every time my mother or grandmother, mention the bracelet. Now, happiness occurs to all too all my mother, grandmother, and me. No one has to deal with pain or a lack of happiness. At the present and throughout the whole time, the action I took endured the least amount of pain, for the people involved. The two of these views of what is moral or not, Utilitarianism and Cultural Relativism have two different outcomes. Both define morals in a different way. Utilitarianism choice is the one that produces the most amount of happiness or the least amount of pain. Which makes sense that I would lie about the bracelet so at the end, everyone would endure no pain or unpleasantly experiences. No pain was reached on pure fact that I lied about the bracelet that I replaced. On the other hand, Cultural Relativism says that I made the wrong decision. I did not do what my morals in my society told me to do. What I did was wrong under this .

Green Washing Business Enterprises

Question: Discuss about the Green Washing for Business Enterprises. Answer: Introduction In the present times, the attention of the governments, community and the business enterprises on increasing environmental degradation. Several global organizations and governments have criticized the business enterprises for their unconstrained exploitation of the natural resources and contribution in the rising pollution level. As a result, several companies have started taking initiatives to control their environmental impact and contribute towards the betterment of the environment and society as a whole (Lyon, 2012). However, there are several business organizations that either do not perform social responsibility activities or perform to a very less extent. However, they publicize themselves as environmental-friendly organizations (Lyon and Maxwell, 2011). The corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities encompass the activities that a company undertakes to contribute positively to the society. The CSR is the practice of reducing the environmental, social and economic aspects of the businesses and being responsible towards the society wherein the company is operating. The business organizations engage in CSR to contribute towards the sustainable development of the society, uplifting its public image, enhancing employee engagement and consumer loyalty (Dahl, 2010). Although the CSR activities are directed towards controlling the environmental degradation, many organizations use it for green marketing. The green marketing is a techniques used by large multinational organizations to promote themselves as concerned entities for the society. It is an emerging trend among the companies to obtain competitive advantage over their competitors (Dahl, 2010). The companies use green marketing to promote environmental-friendly image among the customers. The main reason for this growing trend is the wide public attention that environmental degradation and role of business enterprise in it is getting. The consumers, society and the government are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment and the society. The consumers also take these factors into consideration while making a purchase decision or investment. As a result, the business enterprises all across the world are becoming increasingly aware and forced to undertake the social grounds and think beyond profits. In essence, Corporate Social Responsibility refers to all the activities which make it accountable to the society, environment and the investors (Delmas and Burbano, 2011). The companies also use sustainability reporting to measure, disclose and present the sustainability practices of the organization in front of all the stakeholders. However, several times the companies use green marketing to project themselves as environmental friendly organization. It promotes an environmental-friendly image of the organization and encompasses a range of activities including product development, manufacturing, packaging and advertising. It can be posited that the primary motive of the business organizations is creating maximum profit. The marketing managers prefer maximizing their profits over the environmental interest of protection. A large number of marketers only engage in the environmental activities to enhance their public image and increase the customer base. The green washing activities can be referred to as false advertising or fraudulent activities that misguide the customers. Along with it, several companies also use eco labels and certifications in their manufactured products; however, the company can also engage in green washing activities along with it. The green washing activities are used by the business organizations to change the consumer perception regarding the product. Moreover, the environmental friendly programmes of the different organizations are almost similar; however, differences occur in their implementation. The business organizations also shy away in disclosing the full range of activities or their comprehensive environmental performance. In the present era of sustainability, the companies are using green washing or green marketing to compete in the marketplace. It can be critiqued that companies often misuse green marketing to build a false environmental friendly image in from of consumers and society as a whole. The green washing can be categorized into two categories, namely, hard green washing and light green washing. The hard green washing activities encompasses the activities wherein the companies do not perform the CSR activities and completely focus on environmental communication. In contrast to it, the light green washing activities occurs when the company has minimal contribution to the environmental protection but project itself as an environmental friendly organization (Feinstein, 2013). There is a negative correlation between the CSR practices and the green washing. It means that the higher the firm engages in the CSR activities, it is less likely that it will conduct green washing practices. The CSR prac tices of the organisation can be measured by CSR ratings of the company. It is a scale to measure the environmental practices and considers two factors, namely, the emission levels and the number of violations imposed on the company (Akturan, 2016). Green washing is defined as the practice of misguiding the customers regarding the environmental practices of the company. The companies make superficial claims regarding the eco-friendly image of the organization and invest more sources in marketing rather than actually reducing the adverse impact of the product and companys operations. A large number of organizations follow green washing practices such as Royal Dutch Shell, which is heavily criticized for its misleading advertising campaign. Its marketing campaign that it can grow flowers with carbon dioxide emissions was found to be false. Along with it, there are other companies which have also tried to green wash their image (Pearce, 2009). For instance, General Motors has changed the colour of its logo to green to create an environmental-friendly image. However, only one model of the company Chevrolet Volt, an electric car, was an eco-friendly product (Web Ecoist, 2009). It can be state that the companies should regularly be audited for their environmental performance and should include both negative and positive environmental performance of the organization. In order to combat the practice of green washing, the companies should be regularly audited and penalized. Several times, the companies do not disclose the negative environmental performance to maintain their public image and gain the trust of the consumers. However, in the long term, it results in the loss of public and the stakeholders trust which is not beneficial even for the company (Walker and Wan, 2012). The green washing marketing encompasses several set of activities, for instance, when the companies promote only a limited range of product qualities to divert the attention from the product features which are harmful for the organization. In addition, several marketers make claims which cannot be verified from the available information. Sometimes, the companies also use misleading words and vague information to mislead the audience. Other than that, the companies use fibbing (false information), presentation of irrelevant information and showing false environmental labels and certifications to project a green image (Chen and Chang, 2013). Conclusion It can be discussed that the issue of green washing is a rising phenomenon which needs to be controlled by the regulatory frameworks. In the green washing advertising, the business enterprises engage in false representation if their environmental practices. The companies either hide the environmental dangers of their products or falsely promote their CSR practices. It has been identified that the companies engage in such activities as they are more concerned about their profits than environmental degradation. There are no specific international guidelines or regulatory framework that controls the green washing practices of the organization. In the absence of any regulations, the green washing practices of the organization will increase dramatically and mislead the customers and other stakeholders. References Akturan, U., 2016. GREEN TALK AND GREEN WALK: HOW OIL COMPANIES POSITION THEMSELVES IN SOCIAL MEDIA?. In 9th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business. Chen, Y.S. and Chang, C.H., 2013. Greenwash and green trust: The mediation effects of green consumer confusion and green perceived risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(3), pp.489-500. Dahl, R., 2010. Green washing: Do you know what youre buying. Environmental health perspectives, 118(6), pp 246-252. Delmas, M.A. and Burbano, V.C., 2011. The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), pp.64-87. Feinstein, N., 2013. Learning from past mistakes: future regulation to prevent greenwashing. BC Envtl. Aff. L. Rev., 40, p.229. Lyon, T. (2012). Good Cop/Bad Cop: Environmental NGOs and Their Strategies toward Business. London: Routledge. Lyon, T.P. and Maxwell, J.W. 2011. Greenwash: Corporate Environmental Disclosure under Threat of Audit. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 20(1), pp. 3-41. Pearce, F. (2009). Greenwash: Shell betrays 'new energy future' promises. [Online.]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/mar/26/fred-pearce-greenwash-shell-exxon [Accessed on: 29 December 2016]. Walker, K. and Wan, F., 2012. The harm of symbolic actions and green-washing: Corporate actions and communications on environmental performance and their financial implications. Journal of business ethics, 109(2), pp.227-242. Web Ecoist. (2009). Calling em Out: The Worlds 10 Worst Greenwashers. [Online.]. Available at: https://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/03/22/greenwash-worlds-worst-greenwashers/#Vr7Zlowar37OYK2m.99 [Accessed on: 29 December 2016].